The comprehensive sanctions on the Maduro administration have become the centerpiece of the U.S. strategy for Venezuela. Yet, the “maximum pressure” policy revolved around sanctions dramatically deepened the severe economic crisis and intensified the suffering of the Venezuelan people. The sanctions have also failed in forcing Maduro to leave power. Meanwhile, less attention has been paid to the role of the illicit and corruption networks and their transnational implications flourishing in the midst of Venezuela’s crisis.
