
Cyber Espionage and U.S. Policy Responses
Introduction Between September 1986 and June 1987, a group of German hackers conducted the first recorded act of cyber espionage, breaching US civil and military

Introduction Between September 1986 and June 1987, a group of German hackers conducted the first recorded act of cyber espionage, breaching US civil and military

AI has become a buzzword in the tech world, often incorporated into many new products or services – even into things you would not expect,

The rapid escalation of cyber attacks on critical infrastructure highlights an urgent need for a comprehensive approach to cybersecurity, reminiscent of the civil defense strategies developed during and after

Download PDF Ransomware attacks have made headlines for years, but understanding the true impact requires significant resources and access to the confidential, inner workings of

Download PDF The return of the Taliban after the disastrous U.S. withdrawal from Afghanistan led to a torrent of post-mortems. But they often missed an important

While there have been numerous failed attempts to resolve the Kurdish issue in Turkey in the past, the Syrian conflict has added new dimensions and complexities to an already challenging matter. The political undertakings occasionally dubbed as “democratic openings” or “resolution processes” have ultimately faltered due to a multitude of political and social dynamics.

Many real-world crimes have long been replicated in cyberspace. Terrorism and extremism are no different. Today’s terrorist groups exploit the advantages the Internet has to offer. Just like everything else, crime, terrorism, violence, and even war have transformed into cyberspace: online radicalization becomes as significant as face-to-face radicalization, violent groups emerge on online platforms, and states use hacker groups to attack their enemies. In such a context, cyberterrorism is becoming a national security concern.

Download PDF The debate over the nation’s preparedness for cyberattacks is still raging two months after the Colonial Pipeline hack which gave a heads-up about